![]() ![]() Makers lavish great attention on the choice and fashioning of material for the belly: if it is of wood, it must be selected and aged with much care and planed to a prescribed thickness if it is of skin, it must be made from only certain materials. The string vibrations of the lute are transferred to the resonating chamber by the bridge, which holds the strings above the lute’s belly the resonator magnifies the vibrations and transmits them to the air. A second subdivision concerns the shape of the instrument for instance, the lute proper has a round back, the guitar a flat one. The two different varieties of lute are distinct in sound and structure, and methods of construction, timbre, history, and symbolic associations differ markedly. Chinese fiddles (bowed lutes) tend to have a skin belly and, like the banjo, an open back. In Japan the wood-bellied lute is the biwa, and the samisen has a skin belly and back. In Iran, for instance, the wood-bellied lute is the ʿūd and the skin-bellied is the tar in the United States it is the guitar and the banjo, respectively. Historically, lutes may be subdivided into those with skin and those with wood bellies in most Eurasian cultures examples of both types exist side by side.
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